Can you think of any examples? ", 22. Objects thrown into the air. On this scale, intensities up to 5 are felt but cause no damage, while intensities from 6 to 12 cause increasing amounts of damage. Pendulum clocks may stop. WebThe Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM or MMI), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the U.S. Department of Commerce, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department As a result, five isoseismal maps were contributed and published [7,8]. to the size of seismic waves produced during a quake. from publication: Damage Observations Following the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikoura (1999) TriNet Shakemaps: rapid generation of peak ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale - A copy of the Measuring Earthquakes: Scales Geology 101 for Lehman College Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is referred Geological Survey, national and government databases and reports, earthquake and tsunami Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Small bells ring (church, school). Giant Wave Characteristics and Causes, Survive That Tsunami! Landslides. Landslides. With the advent of current instrumental seismology, the correlation between the felt macroseismic intensity with engineering groundmotion parameters has become a topic of increasing interest. Do you agree with this alignment? Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information Log In or Register. Please understand that by attending and participating you are granting IU permission to use your image in photographs and videos to promote Science Fest and other outreach activities in the future. Earthquake Magnitude, Energy Release, and Shaking Intensity Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. Simulator In this study, all macroseismic intensity data are taken from previous publications of isoseismal maps ranked with respect to the MMI scale. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. 3 - The first is the Mw- 5.0 earthquake that occurred on the 8th October 2006 in the southern part of Thailand [9], whilst the second is the Mw 4.6 earthquake located at Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand [10]. 3 0 obj A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. ", 5. 9 Based on this relationship, approximately, what is the magnitude of this earthquake. You may have heard that a 5.8 earthquake hit Alaska recently. catalogs, post-event reconnaissance reports, journal articles, newspapers, internet It may be helpful to put the scale up on the board and read it aloud with the students. How Do Scientists Predict Tsunamis After Earthquakes? Thipyopass, S. (2010) Paleoearthquake investigation along the ranong fault zone, southern Thailand. We thank the Publication Counseling Unit (PCU), the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University for a critical review and improved English. EARTHQUAKE! Part 3 Science Fest In addition to the MMI reported in Myanmar, two isoseismal maps obtained from macroseismic intensity investigations in Thailand are added. Global Significant Earthquake Database. within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for WebThe above table shows the approximate relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The magnitudes required in equation (1) and the earthquake locations for measuring the source-to-site-distances are those cited in previous reports and are detailed in Table 1. There are many ways that we can rate events that occur during everyday life. Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity (g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of 20 cm (8 inches) per second. How much bigger was it? Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 11, 387-402. 135-138. ", 20. Serious damage to reservoirs. May not be recognized as an earthquake. Using a deck of cards or by calling random numbers between 1 and 12, have the students show their drawing of what would happen during an earthquake with that Mercalli rating. Furniture moves or overturns. Unstable objects overturned. WebModified Mercalli Intensity Scale Instrumental: detected only by instruments Very feeble: noticed only by people at rest Slight: felt by people at rest Like passing of a truck Vil Vill x Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo University, Tokyo, 469-482. Structural engineers usually contribute information for assigning intensity values of VIII or above. To protect people from the force of earthquakes, they continually improve the methods used to predict and rate (or score) earthquakes. Also, by typing "1" into any field in the "Energy release equivalent" section, you can check what's the equivalent magnitude for a chosen energy release event for example, one Nagasaki bomb released the energy of a 6.1 magnitude earthquake! Black stars are the locations of past earthquakes whereas the ground shaking intensities are illustrated in terms of gradual color of the MMI scale. Difficult to stand. The different symbols used in Figure 2 distinguish the MMI-PGA data obtained from individual isoseismal maps. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Krinitzsky, E.L. and Chang, F.K. (ed. How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Background: The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Also, it's essential to make sure that you know what to do during an earthquake before you're caught in one. Few structures standing. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. Evansville, IN: "The smokestack of the Sterling Brewery collapsed in downtown Evansville. =\YUgeFY#r\Qsa7`og:_:U7h|3o bR9c[O?qCvm(3yoQ^JJ[6t^C5b&jk$ox*o u&l[j}psjs.vBt/T@U_t/GONY|LP +:i.&TpN;0gM[URRY" may shake. amount of energy released during an earthquake. Japan, however, is the country where we detect the most earthquakes (because of its dense seismic grid). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (Grade Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Earthquakes in the Midwestern and Eastern United States?! from FEMA at no cost by calling 1-800-480-2520. put into trial operation in Ankara, Turkey. Ask the students: With Words and Pictures: Have students write a sentence on the bottom of each page of their information booklet describing their illustration of the Mercalli Scale rating. Earthquake Spectra, 15, 537-555. Pull over, stop, and engage the handbrake. WebIntensity Witness Perceptions and Damage; I: Felt by very few people; barely noticeable. Empirically, the macroseismic intensity is most frequently related to the PGA because this engineering ground-motion parameter is the most commonly correlated parameter to structural damage and it is important for seismic resistant structure design [12]. CategoryEarth + Atmospheric Sciences Best forHigh School + Middle School. ;f:3+f*yZReIxRu3V>5?}k~&K7/E*y With the use of an intensity scale, it is possible to summarize such data for an earthquake by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. An official website of the United States government. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. Slight structural damage. Difficult to stand. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Although it confounds many variables, Htwe, Y.M.M. Financial support is acknowledged from the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University through the Thai Government Stimulus Package 2 (TKK2555: PERFECTA); The National Research University Project of CHE; and the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Project Code CC508B). ]sgJ;oYQqmt|Wg4n^~9s to Present (1979). Students can research famous earthquakes on the Internet and discover the Mercalli Scale level for each one. Memphis, TN: "Damage to the city is severe. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out. z/76 E1(S=C50R6*C?dzy}5n`u%]|QJ. Hanging objects swing. A new relationship between macroseismic intensity and engineering ground-motion parameter is contributed for the Myanmar region by comparing the MMI gathered from 10 isoseismal maps with the inferred PGA. Macroseismic intensity, the descriptive reporting format of earthquake ground shaking, is useful to provide information about the response of structures, quality and type of construction, including the variation of geological conditions in specific areas. Richter, C.F. Copyright ? Based on data from the northeastern United States, seismologists have estimated the following relation between earthquake magnitude (M) and epicentral intensity (Ie): M = 0.62 Ie + 0. Modified Mercalli Scale Trees and poles may shake. 438483. The easiest way to do this is to print out the map and write the values by the dot for each city. (Answer: the damage left by an earthquake) Today we will learn more about this scale. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 13, 230-234. Trees shake. May feel like heavy truck passing by. On 23rd May 1912, two earthquakes of a magnitude of Mw 8.0 devastated Myanmar. Freeman, San Francisco, 768. Do you know that the shockwave originated from the detonation of the Tsar Bomba circled the world three times, touching at the antipodal point of the explosion and "bouncing" back? Thereafter, the obtained mean PGA is plotted against the MMI. Le Dain, A.Y., Tapponnier, P. and Molnar, P. (1984) Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions. Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Thanks to this earthquake calculator, you can: Check the approximate energy release of an earthquake in energy release equivalents (such as tons of TNT, atomic bomb energies, and volcanic eruptions). and Sponheuer, W. (1969) Scale of seismic intensity. Thehighernumbers of the scale are based on observed structural damage. Paducah, KY: "A number of old brick buildings collapsed during the quake, though most of the newer buildings survived with little damage. Ft. Smith, AR: "Drinkers at the Moose Lodge complained of tainted liquor at the lodge bar, after a number of drinkers reported feeling a strong swaying sensation. Centers for Environmental Information, Climate doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date]. In comparison with these, the MMI-PGA relationship for Myanmar reported here illustrates that in the same engineering ground-motion level, that is the same PGA level, the MMI of Myanmar is reported at a lower level than those for the other region until level V. Figure 2. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. 2 0 obj WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. Besides the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction Zone in the western part, Myanmar also has own great strike-slip active faults called the Sagiang Fault Zone [2]. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Little Rock, AR: "Residents of the Holiday Inn noted that the water sloshed out of the swimming pool during the quake. Has anyone ever heard of the Mercalli scale? Hanging objects quivering. Google Detailed Description. In order not to be biased by this effect, the Modified Mercalli scale attempts to allow for varying effects on different types of construction. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_natdis_lesson03_activity3, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tornadoes & More. Information, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Earthquakes Layer, Information This The most familiar of these is the Richter scale - related I. Refer to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale page on the US Geological Figure 1, Table 1, Figure 1. Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity ( g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of Neumann, F. (1954) Earthquake intensity and related ground motion. severe damage to poorly built structures. Louisville, KY: "The Captain's Restaurant reported $3000 damage due to broken china and glassware. It can be labeled the "Mercalli Scale." Based on careful review, there are 10 isoseismal maps of earthquakes within the magnitude range of a 4.6 - 8.0 Richter scale that have been reported over the past 94 year period (1912-2006 AD) (Figure 1 and Table 1). After that, each MMI value was plotted against the corresponding calculated PGA, as shown in Figure 2. WebFrom the result of this regression ( Figure 2 ), it appears that there is a slight trend of MMI to be a linear function in relationship to the, which can represented by Equation (2) with a standard deviation of 0.33. Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. of a file originally created to produce the World Map of Significant Earthquakes 1900 Biloxi, MS: "No damage was reported from last night's slight tremor, though chandeliers in a few of the city's old mansions swayed slightly. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date], NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, 2100 BC to Present, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present, Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931, Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Today, we are going to look at the Mercalli Scale's damage rating and create a booklet to help inform citizens of potential danger. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. Persons walk unsteadily. it is valuable in, evaluating ground shaking in modern quakes. Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration Thus, all values of PGA in each MMI are averaged statistically. The methodology is simple. Play with the tool to contemplate and admire Mother Earth's natural strength, or scroll down to read about the most powerful earthquakes the world has ever seen. Historical documents indicate that a severe earthquake occurred somewhere in the Midwest, and the effects were felt over a wide area. failure of the data to function on a particular system. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | U.S. Geological Survey Grey thin lines illustrate the earthquake faults based on Bender et al. Thelowernumbers of the intensity scale generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people. It's actually a much broader term. Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. Poplar Bluff, MO: "Even commuters driving to work felt the severe quake", 24. References, and Brady, A.G. (1975) On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion. (Ganse, Robert A., John B. Nelson, 1981). The earthquake "size" which is the energy released is. the USGA can use the Mercalli Scale of Intensity to map out ground From the isoseismal maps described above, the individual area of each MMI level was gridded with a spacing of 1 1 km to measure the source-to-site-distances that the seismic wave traveled and was attenuated over. Underground pipelines completely out of service. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. <> Felt by almost everyone, some people awakened. The violence of seismic shaking varies considerably over a single affected area. The magnitude does not depend on where the measurement is made. Can they think of examples where something has a rating or a level? To calculate the moment magnitude, seismologists need to know the seismic moment, M0M_0M0: The seismic moment is found by multiplication of three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip: \mu Shear modulus of the rocks (dyne/cm2), which is the rock's resistance to bending (rock rigidity). The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. A modified Mercalli intensity scale is used to quantify the earthquake's effects. Slight to moderate damage in well-built, ordinary structures. The magnitude (size) of an earthquake is based on The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. Thanks for your feedback! Check out the antipode calculator to learn more! injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. Empirical relationships between the macroseismic intensity and the groundmotion parameters (peak ground acceleration [PGA], peak ground velocity [PGV]) for western China are derived in this study. Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors, but may not be recognized as an earthquake. Understand why engineers develop rating scales for earthquakes. What Should I Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake? above, whereas two earthquakes were located in the southern and northern parts of Thailand. Natural Science Vol.4No.8A(2012), Article ID:21664,7 pages DOI:10.4236/ns.2012.428082, Relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and peak ground acceleration in Myanmar, Earthquake and Tectonic Geology Research Unit (EATGRU), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected], Received 27 June 2012; revised 25 July 2012; accepted 11 August 2012, Keywords: Isoseismal Map; Modified Mercalli Intensity; Peak Ground Acceleration; Myanmar. As such, the main goals of the study are: 1) to gather the macroseismic intensity data that has been previously reported for the Myanmar region and adjacent areas; and 2) to correlate this and contribute the relationship between the felt intensity information and the engineering ground-motion parameter as the PGA. Jefferson City, MO: "Hotel residents complained of a sound like 'a truck crashing into the building. To sum up, in the moment magnitude scale, the strength of the earthquake is tied up with the seismic moment, which depends on three physical parameters rigidity,
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